3D Classifications

Reference classifications, grade by grade, on 3D models. With the original article, reliability data, grading pitfalls and free infographics for teaching and publication.

See the classifications

Free pages for physicians, residents and teachers. Infographics under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Kellgren-Lawrence classification infographic: the five grades of knee osteoarthritis on a 3D knee.

By joint

Classifications, joint by joint

Each page shows the grades on actual renderings of the 3D model, with a link to animate them, then the original article, reliability, variants, grading pitfalls and a quiz.

Shoulder

Samilson-Prieto classification

The three radiographic grades of concentric shoulder osteoarthritis, by the height of the inferior osteophyte, with a zoom on the lower joint.

Assessment: Anteroposterior radiograph
Grades: I to III, from an osteophyte under 3 mm to one over 7 mm with narrowing
3D model: Shoulder osteoarthritis, concentric form

See the classification Animate in 3D

Hamada classification

The radiographic stages of massive rotator cuff tears, from superior migration of the humeral head to cuff tear arthropathy, with a zoom on the subacromial space.

Assessment: Anteroposterior radiograph
Grades: 1 to 5, with 4A and 4B, from a preserved acromiohumeral interval to head collapse
3D model: Shoulder osteoarthritis, eccentric form

See the classification Animate in 3D

Elbow

Mayo classification (olecranon)

The six types of olecranon fractures, by displacement, elbow stability and comminution, with a zoom on the fracture site.

Assessment: Lateral radiograph
Grades: IA to IIIB: undisplaced, displaced stable, unstable; simple or comminuted
3D model: Olecranon fracture

See the classification Animate in 3D

McGowan classification

The three clinical grades of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, illustrated by compression of the nerve under Osborne's ligament.

Assessment: Clinical: history and examination
Grades: I to III, from sensory symptoms to muscle wasting
3D model: Cubital tunnel syndrome

See the classification Animate in 3D

Knee

Kellgren-Lawrence classification

The five radiographic grades of knee osteoarthritis, from 0 to IV, with a zoom on the medial joint line.

Assessment: Weight-bearing radiograph
Grades: 0 to IV, from no osteoarthritis to severe osteoarthritis
3D model: Knee osteoarthritis, compartment by compartment

See the classification Animate in 3D

On every page

More than a table of grades

The grades in 3DA rendering of the model for each grade, and a link that opens it at that grade.
The sourcesThe original article, its citation count, published reliability, variants.
Free infographicsPortrait, landscape and high definition, under CC BY 4.0, with a ready-to-paste citation.
A quizTo practice recognizing the grades, with the answer and criteria.

Show the grade to your patient

The images come from interactive 3D models: in clinic, set them from your patient's imaging.

See the 3D models